Nitrofurans

Nitrofurans are synthetic, broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds that are prohibited for use in food-producing animals within the European Union (EU) due to safety concerns. Following administration, nitrofuran metabolites covalently bind to proteins and can therefore be detected for several weeks after treatment. Consequently, these residues are the preferred marker for the detection of nitrofuran compound administration.

Nitrofurans and their metabolites have an established Reference Point for Action (RPA) defined according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/1871. As a result, effective due diligence activities should be undertaken to ensure that no residues are present in food of animal origin.

Fera’s analytical method detects the presence of marker residues for furazolidone (AOZ or 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone), furaltadone (AMOZ or 3-amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone), nitrofurantoin (AHD or 1-aminohydantoin), nitrofurazone (SEM or semicarbazide) and nifursol (DNSH or 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid hydrazide).

The presence of SEM can be attributable to sources other than the use of the nitrofuran drug nitrofurazone. Its presence in packaged food has previously been attributed to the use of azodicarbonamide as a blowing agent used to foam the plastic gaskets in the metal lids of jars and bottles, or as a flour treatment agent (dough improver). It is also present in the shells of crustaceans following heat treatment. Any SEM derived from external sources will not be bound to the tissue and can therefore be removed. Samples that screen positive (non-compliant) for SEM residues are re-analysed using a sample pre-treatment step to ensure that the detected marker residue is chemically bound and therefore a true indication of administration.

The analytical method used at Fera is based on sample extraction via acid hydrolysis and derivatisation with 2-NBA (nitrobenzaldehyde). Testing is then carried out using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).

Fera’s food safety experts use established, accredited analytical testing methods to detect and quantify nitrofurans within your food samples. We provide the evidence required by regulators to verify that levels of nitrofurans within your food products are compliant.

Our analytical methods are validated in accordance with the principles set out in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS).

Confirmatory Analysis

Where required, confirmatory analysis will be charged at the same rate as the primary test. We will contact you before proceeding. Results will be delivered within 10 working days of your instruction.